Claudia Kemfert

[The Challenge] Increasing energy prices – especially for oil and gas – and recent geopolitical conflicts have reminded us of the essential role affordable energy plays in economic growth and human development and of the vulnerability of the global energy system to supply disruptions. To secure energy supplies is once again at the top of the international policy agenda. Yet the current pattern of energy supply carries the threat of severe and irreversible environmental damage – including changes in global climate. Reconciling the goals of energy security and environmental protection requires strong and coordinated government action and public support. As a consequence, the decoupling of energy use and economic growth, a diversification of energy supply, and the mitigation of climate change causing emissions are more urgent than ever.

The major share of primary energy demand today comes from fossil fuels, oil, gas, and coal. The main suppliers of oil are the OPEC region, Russia, and the USA. If the oil demand continues to grow as fast as in the past decades, the demand for oil will be higher than supply 15 years from now (depletion point). Although the oil price would also rise with increasing demand and other oil reserves such as oil shale or tar sands would be financially attractive to exploit further, oil still remains the scarcest fossil resource on earth, followed by gas. The world’s largest gas reserves are in Russia, followed by Qatar and Iran. The supply of coal is more widely spread in many countries of the world, and the coal reserves will last for over 200 years. [Download here]

NO	JUDUL	JURNAL	DOWNLOAD
1	Global Energy Markets: Challenges and Opportunities-Energy Vision for 2050 [Claudia KeMfer]	German Institute of Economic Research	KLIK
2	Effects of rent dependency on quality of government. [Mette Anthonsen, Åsa Löfgren, Klas Nilsson, Joakim Westerlund]	SPRINGER	KLIK
3	Governance by EU emissions trading: Resistance or innovation in the oil industry? [Jon Birger Skjaerseth]	SPRINGER	KLIK
4	Authority in Arctic governance: changing spheres of authority in Greenlandic offshore oil and gas developments.[Coco C. A. Smits, Jan P. M. van Tatenhove, Judith van Leeuwen]	SPRINGER	KLIK
5	Federalizing energy? Agenda change and the politics of fracking. [Charles Davis, Katherine Hoffer]	SPRINGER	KLIK

Jeffrey Kirby • Christy Simpson

ABSTRACT 

Early on in the development of Practicing Health care Ethicist Exploring Professionalization (PHEEP), the founding members recognized the need to address and meet two important goals: (1) the creation of a dynamic, rigorous process to support the exploratory work, and (2) the establishment of the means—deliberative engagement—to generate and justify the substantive content of professionalization-related products, such as practice standards and position statements. Drawing from social justice and deliberative democracy conceptions and insights (among others), the authors identify and describe the core elements of the ‘‘process scaffolding’’ and ‘‘deliberative means’’ that inform PHEEP’s deliberative engagement methodology. The paper demonstrates how these process and substantive features have been meaningfully instantiated in the decision making framework established by PHEEP for its use in the development of professionalization-related products by Canadian practicing health care ethicist. [DOWNLOAD]

Bruce Christopher Glavovic

[Abstract] Coastal sustainability is elusive in South Africa and the Mississippi delta. These case studies and convergent literatures demonstrate the merits of reconceptualising coastal management as a transformative practice of deliberative governance. A normative framework is presented that focuses attention on underpinning deliberative out comes to enable governance actors and networks to build cognitive, democratic, sociopolitical and institutional capacity to transform unsustainable and maladaptive coastal practices. But operationalising such intentions is complex and contested and requires a volte-face in thinking and practice. The South African and Mississippi delta experiences provide insights about how to develop a deliberative praxis of coastal governance based on consideration of the choice of process, timeliness, quality of process, equity and representation, connections to the policy cycle, impact, implementation and institutionalisation. [Download Complete]

Keywords: Coastal governance, Integrated coastal management, Deliberation, Mississippi delta, South Africa

Alice Katharina Pieper and Michael Pieper

[Abstract] If social media are to reinforce sustainability of political decisions, their design has conceptually to take into account the implications of deliberative democracy, which stresses the active cooperation of virtually all citizens of a democracy for the purposes of participatory involvement. Essential to deliberative e-democracy is therefore a technologically supported comprehensive discourse about political subjects which is also called deliberation. Theoretical implications of deliberation are discussed from the angle of political science and social psychology. Finally, the practical implications of deliberation rooted in social media are exemplified by an online citizen involvement for the public budgeting purposes of the city of Frankfurt/Main (Germany). 

Keywords: Sustainable systems design, Deliberation, Social media, Social capital, Collective intelligence, e-Democracy. [Download Journal Complete]

Dale C. Spencer & Amy Fitzgerald

[Abstract] A number of critiques of the burgeoning field of green criminology have recently been articulated in the literature. The aim of this article is to begin to demonstrate what green criminological work responsive to these critiques might look like. The two primary critiques we are concerned with here are (1) that there has been little intellectual sharing between the fields of green criminology and victimology, and (2) that green criminological work has failed to be reflexive about the modernist assumptions it has largely adhered to. In response to these critiques, we draw on the theorizing of poststructuralist Felix Guattari to analyze the various interrelated layers of victimization in the 2010 British Petroleum oil spill case in the Gulf of Mexico. [Download]

[ABSTRACT] This article examines how the availability of Big Data, coupled with new data analytics, challenges established epistemologies across the sciences, social sciences and humanities, and assesses the extent to which they are engendering paradigm shifts across multiple disciplines.

In particular, it critically explores new forms of empiricism that declare ‘the end of theory’, the creation of data-driven rather than knowledge-driven science, and the development of digital humanities and computational social sciences that propose radically different ways to make sense of culture, history, economy and society. It is argued that: (1) Big Data and new data analytics are disruptive innovations which are reconfiguring in many instances how research is conducted; and (2) there is an urgent need for wider critical reflection within the academy on the epistemological implications of the unfolding data revolution, a task that has barely begun to be tackled despite the rapid changes in research practices presently taking place. After critically reviewing emerging epistemological positions, it is contended that a potentially fruitful approach would be the development of a situated, reflexive and contextually nuanced epistemology.

[Abstract]

Should missiology seek the status of a theological discipline? After a brief account of the history of academic missiology it is argued here that a trinitarian missiology is at the heart of all of theology. Missiology should both permeate theology and exist as a subject area to accompany missionary praxis, making theological education at least missiological to the core, if not itself missional. Missiology is part of practical theology, praxis-based and oriented to specific contexts. It draws on both theological and other disciplines (particularly the social sciences) as an interdisciplinary enterprise rather than as a discipline in its own right. 

Ross Langmead [Whitley College Melbourne Australia]

[DOWNLOAD HERE]

[Abstract] This article aims to explore the common grounds and the differences between Marxism and liberation theology, which both focus on ‘‘hope’’ as a convergence for profound dialogues. On the one hand, both in Marxism and in liberation theology, hope is firstly an orientation for a better quality of life within one’s lifetime than in the afterlife which is beyond the reaches of humankind. The eschatology, according to both Marxism and liberation theology, is a form of optimism in which ‘‘hope’’ plays a crucial role. Hope is oriented toward the liberation and freedom of the poor, the marginalized, the exploited, the oppressed, the insignificant, or the despised in capitalist society. Hope is a marvelous impetus for humankind to achieve the future success promised by both Marxism and liberation theology. The need of this impetus is due to the unfulfilled hope in capitalist societies where economic exploitation and political oppression have been sanctified by the capitalist system of private property. Although the actualization of hope is not yet witnessed as a fact but still an ‘‘as if ’’ ideal, the belief both in Marxism and liberation theology is persistent on the realization of hope through human actions. So both their action and effort demonstrate the commitment to human rights and social justice. [Download Here]

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[Li Zhixiong] Xiangtan University, Yanggu Tang Road, Yuhu District, Xiangtan 411105, China

[Christopher Rowland] University of Oxford, High Street, Oxford, OX1 4AW, UK

By. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent*

ABSTRACT

Reflecting on the debate about the value of the category “popular science” to historians, this essay argues that the model of legitimate science that is currently emerging invites us to consider how the notions of science and the public have been mutually configured and reconfigured over time. It begins by pointing to the tremendous impact of technosciences on the public sphere. The recent shift from the deficit model to the participatory model has profoundly changed the values underlying science communication. Whereas reviously

such communication was performed in the name of science, it is now performed in the name of democracy. This political turn suggests that we should consider symmetrically not only how science and its public face are socially constructed but also how the notion of a lay public has been constructed by scientific practices. Finally, the essay suggests that historical studies should focus on the mechanisms of demarcation and discrimination between science and rival forms of knowledge. DOWNLOAD JOURNAL

By. Andreas W. Daum*

ABSTRACT

This essay suggests that we should understand the varieties of “popular science” as part of a larger phenomenon: the changing set of processes, practices, and actors that generate and transform public knowledge across time, space, and cultures. With such a reconceptualization we can both deessentialize and historicize the idea of “popularization,” free it from normative notions, and move beyond existing imbalances in scholarship. The history of public knowledge might thus find a central place in many fundamental narratives of the modern world. More specifically, the essay proposes that we pay more attention to forms of knowledge outside the realm of “science,” embrace the richness, traffic, and transfer of public knowledge on a transnational scale as well as in comparative perspective, and rethink conventional forms of periodization.
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A Review of Theories for Analyzing Democratic Participation 

Jeff Gill and Jason Gainous

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to present a sample from the panoply of formal theories on voting and elections to Statistical Science readers who have had limited exposure to such work. These abstract ideas provide a framework for understanding the context of the empirical articles that follow in this volume. The primary focus of this theoretical literature is on the use of mathematical formalism to describe electoral systems and outcomes by modeling both voting rules and human behavior. As with empirical models, these constructs are never perfect descriptors of reality, but instead form the basis for understanding fundamental characteristics of the studied system. Our focus is on providing a general, but not overly simplified, review of these theories with practical examples. We end the article with a thought experiment that applies different vote aggregation schemes to the 2000 presidential election count in Florida, and we find that alternative methods provide different results. 

Key words and phrases: Voting rules, elections, participation, rational choice, spatial models, cost-benefit models, Florida 2000 election. DOWNLOAD HERE

 Was God An Astronaut?

It took courage to write this book, and it will take courage to read it. Because its theories and proofs do not fit into the mosaic of traditional archaeology, constructed so laboriously and firmly cemented down, scholars will call it nonsense and put it on the Index of those books which are better left unmentioned. Laymen will withdraw into the snail-shell of their familiar world when faced with the probability that finding out about our past will be even more mysterious and adventurous than finding out about the future. 

Nevertheless one thing is certain. There is something inconsistent about our past, that past which lies thousands and millions of years behind us. The past teemed with unknown gods who visited the primaeval earth in manned space-ships. Incredible technical achievements existed in the past. There is a mass of know-how which we have only partially rediscovered today. 

There is something inconsistent about our archaeology! Because we find electric batteries many thousands of years old. Because we find strange beings in perfect space suits with platinum fasteners. Because we find numbers with fifteen digits—something not registered by any computer. But how did these early men acquire the ability to create these incredible things? 

There is something inconsistent about our religion. A feature common to every religion is that it promises help and salvation to mankind. The primitive gods gave such promises, too. Why didn't they keep them? Why did they use ultra-modern weapons on primitive peoples? And why did they plan to destroy them? 

Let us get used to the idea that the world of ideas which has grown up over the millennia is going to collapse. A few years of accurate research has already brought down the mental edifice in which we had made ourselves at home. Knowledge that was hidden in the libraries of secret societies is being rediscovered. The age of space travel is no longer an age of secrets. Space travel, which aspires to suns and stars, also plumbs the abysses of our past for us. Gods and priests, kings and heroes emerge from the dark chasms. We must challenge them to deliver up their secrets, for we have the means to find out all about our past, without leaving any gaps, if we really want to. 

Modern laboratories must take over the work of archaeological research. Archaeologists must visit the devastated sites of the past with ultra-sensitive measuring apparatus. Priests who seek the truth must again begin to doubt everything that is established. 

The gods of the dim past have left countless traces which we can read and decipher today for the first time because the problem of space travel, so topical today, was not a problem, but a reality, to the men of thousands of years ago. For I claim that our forefathers received visits from the universe in the remote past. Even though I do not yet know who these extra-terrestrial intelligences were or from which planet they came, I nevertheless proclaim that these 'strangers' annihilated part of mankind existing at the time and produced a new, perhaps the first, homo sapiens. 

This assertion is revolutionary. It shatters the base on which a mental edifice that seemed to be so perfect was constructed. It is my aim to try to provide proof of this assertion. 

My book would not have been written without the encouragement and collaboration of many people. I should like to thank my wife, who has seen little of me at home during the last few years, for her understanding. I should like to thank my friend Hans Neuner, my travelling companion for many thousands of miles, for his unfailing and valuable help. I should like to thank Dr Stehlin and Louis Emrich for their continuous support. I should like to thank all the NASA personnel at Houston, Cape Kennedy and Huntsville who showed me round their magnificent scientific and technical research centres. I should like to thank Professors Dr Werhner von Braun, Dr Willy Ley and Bert Slattery. I should like to thank all the countless men and women around the globe whose practical help, encouragement and conversation made this book possible. FREE DOWNLOAD 

P. T. KIVELL 

Department of Geography, University of Keele, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG

I. Mc KAY

Trusthouse Forte (UK) Ltd.

Revised MS received 19 June, 1987

ABSTRACT

In most British cities a number of public bodies have become, for a variety of reasons, substantial land owners. Despite the extensive literature on land policy generally, and despite current debates about the role of the public sector in urban development there is very little published information about the pattern of urban land ownership. This paper reviews the controversial nature of public land ownership, discusses some of the reasons for it and examines the shortage of reliable information. It then reports on a detailed empirical study of one city, Manchester, and provides an account of the extent and pattern of public land holdings. Fourteen separate public bodies are shown to account for 65 percent of the land in the city. The pattern of public land ownership has had a pro found impact upon the developing urban form. 

KEY WORDS: Land, Ownership, Public-sector, Manchester

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Nicolas van de Walle*

ABSTRACT
This paper analyses the parties and party systems that have begun to emerge in sub-Saharan Africa's fledgling multiparty systems. Using a data base of 87 legislative elections convened in the 199os, the paper identifies three trends. The position of parties late in the decade is primarily tributary of their performance in the first multiparty election conducted in the early 199os. Parties that won founding elections are almost invariably still in power. Secondly, the typical emerging party system has consisted of a dominant party surrounded by a large number of small, unstable parties. Thirdly, party cleavages have been over whelmingly ethno-linguistic in nature, while ideological and programmatic debates have been muted and rare. The second half of the paper provides tentative explanations for these striking patterns. It emphasises the illiberal nature of most of the new African democracies, their characteristic centralisation of power around the presidency, and the pervasive clientelism that structures the relationship between the state and the citizenry.These characteristics shape the incentives faced by individual politicians and thus much of their behaviour.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Author(s): Robert W. T. Martin

Efforts thus far to bridge the distance between Habermasian public sphere theory and post-modernism have failed, and recent studies only reify the bifurcation. Some theorists trace this problem to misreadings of Habermas's recent works that overemphasize the weight he places on consensus. I argue instead that Habermas's stress on consensus is genuine and first emerged in his early historical work on the public sphere, wherein he focused on an absolutist theory of consensus and relegated dissent to a marginal ancillary position from which he has never really recovered it. Had Habermas turned from Europe to early America, he could have found early public sphere theorists that were much more alive to the irreducible centrality of dissent. More importantly, if current theorists will return to this history they will be better able to understand a model of the dissentient public sphere (and its counterpublics) that lies between Habermasian consensus and post-modern agonism. 

Polity (2005) 37, 365-388. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300018

Keywords public sphere; deliberative democracy; Habermas; dissent; post-modernism; agonism